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Gert Scobel discusses new therapies with hallucinogenic drugs with historian Magaly Tornay, psychiatrist Franz Vollenweider, and philosopher and neuroethicist Thomas Metzinger.
Ekstase leitet sich vom Griechischen her und meint soviel wie »Außer-sich-sein« und »Heraustreten«, was ein zeitweiliges Verrücken des persönlichen Koordinatensystems meint. Das birgt die Chance einer neuen Perspektive, aber auch die Gefahr des Selbstverlusts. Zu den allgemeinen Merkmale der veränderten Wachbewusstseinszustände gehören die Veränderung der Selbst-, Welt- und Zeitwahrnehmung, vor allem eine Emotionalisierung, eine Verstärkung des visuellen und auditiven Erlebens, der Körperwahrnehmungen sowie ein intensiviertes Bedeutungserleben. In der Regel verschiebt sich in solchen Zuständen das Erleben weg vom Ich-haft Kontrollierten, hin zum rauschhaften Getragenwerden in einem Strom fragmentarischer innerer Geschehnisse. Es ist gerade dieses passive „Getragenwerden“, das für labile Menschen eine Verführungs- und Suchtqualität haben kann.
Ecstasy derives from the Greek and means something like “being outside oneself” and “stepping out,” which means a temporary shifting of the personal coordinate system. This holds the chance of a new perspective, but also the danger of losing oneself. The general characteristics of altered states of waking consciousness include changes in self-, world-, and time-perception, especially emotionalization, intensification of visual and auditory experience, bodily perceptions, and intensified experience of meaning. As a rule, in such states the experience shifts away from the ego-like controlled, to the intoxicating being carried in a stream of fragmentary inner events. It is precisely this passive “being carried” that can have a seductive and “habituating” quality for unstable people.
Whoever deals with the person, work and history of Franz Anton Mesmer is confronted with the difficulty of facing a personality whose many facets make it difficult to force him into a uniform image. Mesmer seems to evade this attempt to grasp him light-footedly, like one of his much-vaunted fluids.
Franz Anton Mesmer gave impulses for the most diverse disciplines and topoi. Examples are the development of anesthesia, psychiatry, psychosomatics, hypnotism and psycho-therapy. – For the sociological formation of the latter, his unintended influence should not be underestimated. Beyond that, however, his teachings had an effect in the fields of parapsy-chology, spiritualism, which returned to Europe via America, spiritual healing, stage hypno-sis, and in an extensive way in the history of literature, especially German Romanticism.
What can medicine learn from its encounter with “animal magnetism”? How would it react to esoteric and metaphysial theories that evolve around an otherwise “rational” and effective therapy TODAY?a